Zhiqiao – 枳殼 – Submature Bitter Orange

Description

Zhiqiao – 枳殼 – Submature Bitter Orange

Science Name / Latin Pharmaceutical Name               Aurantii Fructus

• • Parts of plants that have useful value:  Fruits and seeds
  • Origin  The dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L.(Rutaceae), and its cultivars.
  • Macroscopic Features             Semi-spherical, 3~5.5cm diameter. Exocarp is greenish-brown or brown, slightly rough, scattered numerous small oil ducts, center has obvious scars of stigma base or round scar of fruit stem. Mesocarp of cut surface is 0.6~1.2cm thick, yellowish-white and relatively smooth, slightly rolled over, scattered vascular bundles, edges have 1-2 rows of brownish-yellow oil ducts. Hard texture, hard to break, 7~12 sections of pulp, a few have 15 pulp sections, inside pulp is dry and wrinkled, brownish-yellow or dark brown, soft texture, seeds are stored inside. Axis is firm, 5~9mm wide, yellowish-white, with one round of intermittent vascular bundle spots. Aromatic odor, bitter, slightly sour taste.
  • Quality Requirements: Superior medicinal material has greenish-brown exocarp, thick flesh, hard texture, potent aromatic odor.
  • Properties: Acrid, bitter, sour, warm.
  • Functions: Moves qi, expands the center, moves stagnation, eliminates swelling.
  • Technical Terms ‘Pulps’: This refers to the pouch-like sections formed by the endocarp and the vesicle-filled carpels of citrus fruits
• Processed Form
  • Fried zhi qiao: Clean zhi qiao slices, fry with slow fire in pots, until turn yellow, or with fast fire until burnt-yellow, spray a little clean water to extinguish fire spark, take out and cool. Moderate the nature of medicinal material.
  • Bran-fried zhi qiao: pu brans into pots and heat with middle fire until produce smoke, add clean zhi qiao, fry quickly until dark yellow and brans turn into burnt-yellow, take out and sift out brans, cool. Every 100kg zhiqiao need 10kg brans. Moderate acrid and dry nature of medicinal material, often applies to harmonizing stomach and resolving swelling.
  • Salt-fried zhi qiao: clean zhi qiao, stir with salt water and cover until absorb totally, put into pots and fry with slow fire until dry. Take out and cool. Lead the medicine downward.
  • Honey zhi qiao: dilute refined honey with boil water, add clean zhiqiao in and stir, cover until absorb totally, put into pots and fry with slow fire until not sticky to hands, take out and cool. Every 100kg zhiqiao need 25kg refined honey. Correct the odor and moderate the nature of medicinal material.

名稱: 枳殼
拼音: Zhiqiao
英文: Submature Bitter Orange
拉丁: Aurantii Fructus
類別: 果實及種子類

來源: 芸香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.及其栽培變種的乾燥未成熟果實。

• • 性狀: 果實呈半球形，直徑3~5.5cm。外皮綠褐色或棕褐色，略粗糙，散有眾多小油點，中央有明顯的花柱基痕或圓形果柄痕。切面中果皮厚0.6~1.2cm，黃白色較光滑，略向外翻，有維管束散佈，邊緣有棕黃色油點1~2列。質堅硬，不易折斷，瓤囊7~12瓣，少數至15瓣，囊內汁胞幹縮，棕黃色或暗棕色，質軟，內藏種子。中軸堅實，寬5~9mm，黃白色，有一圈斷續環列的維管束點。氣香，味苦、微酸。
  • 品質: 以外果皮色綠褐、果肉厚、質堅硬、香氣濃者為佳。
  • 性味: 辛、苦、酸，溫。
  • 功效: 理氣寬中，行滯消脹。
  • 注解 “瓤囊”：指柑橘類果實內果皮和著生在內果皮上的囊狀毛。

• 参考处理方法：
  • 炙品: 炒枳殼：取淨枳殼片，置鍋內，用文火炒至黃色，或用武火炒至焦黃色，噴淋清水少許，滅盡火星，取出放涼。清炒緩和其藥性。麩炒枳
  • 殼：取麩皮撒入熱鍋內，用中火加熱，候冒煙時，加入淨枳殼片，迅速拌炒至深黃色，麩皮呈焦黃色時，取出，篩去焦麩皮，放涼。每枳殼100kg，用麩皮10kg。麩炒後緩和其辛燥之性，多用於和胃消脹。
    鹽炒枳殼：現行，取淨枳殼片，用鹽水拌勻，悶潤至盡，置鍋內，用文火炒乾，取出放涼。可以引藥下行。
  • 蜜炙枳殼：取煉蜜加適量開水稀釋，加入淨枳殼片拌勻，悶潤至盡，置熱鍋內，用文火炒至不粘手為度，取出放涼。每枳殼100kg，用煉蜜25kg。矯味的同時緩和藥性。