Pangdahai – 胖大海 – Boat-fruited Sterculia Seed

Description

Pangdahai – 胖大海 – Boat-fruited Sterculia Seed
Chinese Name: 胖大海, 大海子
Chinese Pinyin: Pangdahai
English Name: Boat – fruited Sterculia Seed, Sterculia lychnophora Hance.
Science Name / Latin Pharmaceutical Name: Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen
– Parts of plants that have useful value: Fruits and seeds
– Origin: The dried mature seed of Sterculia lychnophora Hance.(Sterculiaceae)
– Family & Genus: Sterculiaceae, Scaphium

• • Description: Deciduous tree, up to 40m high, simple leaf alternate, coriaceous, ovate or elliptical lanceolate, 10-20cm long, 6-12cm wide, generally 3 lobed, entire, smooth and hairless. Panicle basidixed or axillary; calyx campanulate, deeply lobed; male flower with 10-15 stamens; female flower with 1 pistil. Follicle 1-5, grown on pedicel, cymbate, up to 24cm long. Seed rhombus or invert ovate, deeply brown.
  • Macroscopic Features: Fusiform or oval shape, 2~3cm long, 1~1.5cm diameter. Apex is blunt round; base is slightly pointed and crooked, with pale round hilum, externally brown or dark brown, slightly lustrous, with irregular dry and shriveled wrinkles. Outer layer of seed coat is extremely thin, brittle, easily falls off. Middle seed coat is relatively thick, black-brown, loose and easily broken, enlarges into a sponge-like shape when soaked in water. Fractured surface presents scattered resin-like spots. Inner seed coat can be peeled off from the middle layer of seed coat, slightly leathery, 2 thick fat endosperms inside, wide-oval shape; 2 cotyledons, very thin, tightly adhere to inside of endosperm, equal size as endosperm. faint odor, mild taste, sticky when chewed.
  • Distribution Growing in tropical regions. Distributed in Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra of Indonesia and etc. The medicinal materials are mainly produced in Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and etc.
  • Harvest & Processing: From April to June, collected seed from the cracked fruits, and sun-dried.
  • Part Used: Medical part: seeds. Chinese name: Pangdahai.
  • Chemistry: Mainly contains sterculin, etc.
  • Pharmacology: Diarrhea-relieving and hypertension-reducing.
  • Properties & Actions: Sweet, tasteless, cool.Clearing heat, moistening lung, benefiting throat and detoxifying.
  • Quality Requirements: Superior medicinal material is large, firm, brown, with thin wrinkles and luster.
  • Functions: Clears heat, moistens lung, promotes throat, resolves toxin, moistens intestines, frees stools. Apply to hoarse voice due to lung heat, cough without phlegm, throat dry and pain, heat stasis and constipation, headache and conjunctival congestion.Dry cough without phlegm, laryngalgia, hoarse voice, osteopyrexia and calor internus, hematemesis and non-traumatic hemorrhage, conjunctival congestion, toothache, hemorrhoids and fistula.
  • Usage: Oral administration: decocting, 7.5-15g; or prepared tea.
  • Examples
    1. Treat dry cough and aphonia, laryngeal dryness and pain, swelling pain of gum, which are caused by exogenous pathogenic factors: sterculia lychnophora Hance 5, ural licorice 1 qian. Stew tea and drink, or add a little crystal sugar for young and old.
    2. Treat bloody stool: sterculia lychnophora Hance several, infuse in boiling water, remove kernel, add crystal sugar to prepare, and swallow. Hemafecia due to heat.

Pangdahai – 胖大海 – Boat-fruited Sterculia Seed
中文名稱: 胖大海，大海子
漢語拼音: Pangdahai
– 英文名稱: Boat – fruited Sterculia Seed, Sterculia lychnophora Hance,
– 拉丁學名: Sterculiae Lychnophorae Semen, Sterculia lychnophora Hance
– 類別: 果實及種子類
– 來源: 梧桐科植物胖大海Sterculia lychnophora Hance 的乾燥成熟種子。
– 科屬歸類: 梧桐科 Sterculiaceae， 胖大海屬 Scaphium

• • 植物形態: 落葉喬木，高達40米，單葉互生，革質，卵形或橢圓狀披針形，長10-20厘米，寬6-12厘米，通常3裂，全緣，光滑無毛。圓錐花序頂生或腋生；花萼鐘狀，深裂；雄花具10-15雄蕊；雌茶具1枚雌蕊。骨朵果1-5個，著生於果梗，呈船形，長可達24厘米。種子棱形或倒卵形，深褐色。
  • 性狀: 呈紡錘形或橢圓形，長2~3cm，直徑1~1.5cm。先端鈍圓，基部略尖而歪，具淺色的圓形種臍，表面棕色或暗棕色，微有光澤，具不規則的乾縮皺紋。外層種皮極薄，質脆，易脫落。中層種皮較厚，黑褐色，質松易碎，遇水膨脹成海綿狀。斷面可見散在的樹脂狀小點。內層種皮可與中層種皮剝離，稍革質，內有2片肥厚胚乳，廣卵形；子葉2枚，菲薄，緊貼於胚乳內側，與胚乳等大。氣微，味淡，嚼之有黏性。
  • 生境分佈: 生於熱帶地區。 分佈越南、印度、馬來西亞、泰國、印尼的
    蘇門答臘等地。 藥材主產于越南、泰國、印尼、馬來西亞等地。
  • 採收加工: 4-6月，由開裂的果實上採取成熟的種子，曬乾。
  • 藥用部位: 以種子入藥。中藥名: 胖大海。
  • 主要成分: 主要含膨大海素等成分。
  • 藥理作用: 緩瀉作用，降壓作用。
  • 性味功能: 甘、淡，涼，寒。清熱，潤肺，利咽，解毒。
  • 品質: 以個大、堅質、棕色、有細皺紋及光澤者為佳。
  • 主治用法: 乾咳無痰，喉痛，音啞，骨蒸內熱，吐衄下血，目赤，牙痛，痔瘡漏管。內服: 煎湯，1.5-3錢；或泡茶。
  • 功效: 清熱潤肺，利咽解毒，潤腸通便。用於肺熱聲啞，乾咳無痰，咽喉乾痛，熱結便閉，頭痛目赤。
  • 應用舉例
    1. 治乾咳失音，咽喉燥痛，牙齦腫痛，因於外感者: 膨大海五枚，甘草一錢。燉茶飲服，老幼者可加入冰糖少許。(慎德堂方)
    2. 治大便出血: 膨大海數枚，開水泡發，去核，加冰糖調服。因熱便血。(醫界春秋)